U

U.N.T.S. No. 15511, vol. 1037, p. 151

Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972)

The General Conference of the United Nations Education, Scientific and

Cultural Organization meeting in Paris from 17 October to 21 November 1972,

at its seventeenth session,

Noting that the cultural heritage and the natural heritage are increasingly

threatened with destruction not only by the traditional causes of decay,

but also by changing social and economic conditions which aggravate the

situation with even more formidable phenomena of damage or destruction,

Considering that deterioration or disappearance of any item of the cultural

or natural heritage constitutes a harmful impoverishment of the heritage of

all the nations of the world,

Considering that protection of this heritage at the national level often

remains incomplete because of the scale of the resources which it requires

and of the insufficient economic, scientific, and technological resources

of the country where the property to be protected is situated,

Recalling that the Constitution of the Organization provides that it will

maintain, increase, and diffuse knowledge by assuring the conservation and

protection of the world's heritage, and recommending to the nations

concerned the necessary international conventions,

Considering that the existing international conventions, recommendations

and resolutions concerning cultural and natural property demonstrate the

importance, for all the peoples of the world, of safeguarding this unique

and irreplaceable property, to whatever people it may belong,

Considering that parts of the cultural or natural heritage are of

outstanding interest and therefore need to be preserved as part of the

world heritage of mankind as a whole,

Considering that in view of the magnitude and gravity of the new dangers

threatening them, it is incumbent on the international community as a whole

to participate in the protection of the cultural and natural heritage of

outstanding universal value, by the granting of collective assistance

which, although not taking the place of action by the State concerned, will

serve as an efficient complement thereto,

Considering that it is essential for this purpose to adopt new provisions

in the form of a convention establishing an effective system of collective

protection of the cultural and natural heritage of outstanding universal

value, organized on a permanent basis and in accordance with modern

scientific methods,

Having decided, at its sixteenth session, that this question should be made

the subject of an international convention,

Adopts this sixteenth day of November 1972 this Convention.

I. DEFINITION OF THE CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE

Article 1

For the purpose of this Convention, the following shall be considered as

"cultural heritage":

monuments: architectural works, works of monumental sculpture and

painting, elements or structures of an archeological nature,

inscriptions, cave dwellings and combinations of features, which are

of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art

or science;

groups of buildings: groups of separate or connected buildings which,

because of their architecture, their homogeneity or their place in

the landscape, are of outstanding universal value from the point of

view of history, art or science;

sites: works of man or the combined works of nature and man, and

areas including archaeological sites which are of outstanding

universal value from the historical, aesthetic, ethnological or

anthropological point of view.

Article 2

For the purposes of this Convention, the following shall be considered as

"natural heritage":

natural features consisting of physical and biological formations or

groups of such formations, which are of outstanding universal value

from the aesthetic or scientific point of view;

geological and physiographical formations and precisely delineated

areas which constitute the habitat of threatened species of animals

and plants of outstanding universal value from the point of view of

science or conservation;

natural sites or precisely delineated natural areas of outstanding

universal value from the point of view of science, conservation or

natural beauty.

Article 3

It is for each State Party to this Convention to identify and delineate the

different properties situated on its territory mentioned in Articles 1 and

2 above.

II. NATIONAL PROTECTION AND INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF THE CULTURAL AND

NATURAL HERITAGE

Article 4

Each State Party to this Convention recognizes that the duty of ensuring

the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission

to future generations of the cultural and natural heritage referred to in

Articles 1 and 2 and situated on its territory, belongs primarily to that

State. It will do all it can to this end, to the utmost of its own

resources and, where appropriate, with any international assistance and co-

operation, in particular, financial, artistic, scientific and technical,

which it may be able to obtain.

Article 5

To ensure that effective and active measures are taken for the protection,

conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage situated

on its territory, each State Party to this Convention shall endeavor, in so

far as possible, and as appropriate for each country:

(a) to adopt a general policy which aims to give the cultural and

natural heritage a function in the life of the community and to

integrate the protection of that heritage into comprehensive

planning programmes;

(b) to set up within its territories, where such services do not

exist, one or more services for the protection, conservation

and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage with an

appropriate staff and possessing the means to discharge their

functions;

work out such operating methods as will make the State capable

of counteracting the dangers that threaten its cultural or

natural heritage;

(d) to take the appropriate legal, scientific, technical,

administrative and financial measures necessary for the

identification, protection, conservation, presentation and

rehabilitation of this heritage; and

(e) to foster the establishment or development of national or

regional centres for training in the protection, conservation

and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage and to

encourage scientific research in this field.

Article 6

1. Whilst fully respecting the sovereignty of the States on whose

territory the cultural and natural heritage mentioned in Articles 1

and 2 is situated, and without prejudice to property right provided

by national legislation, the States Parties to this Convention

recognize that such heritage constitutes a world heritage for whose

protection it is the duty of the international community as a whole

to co-operate.

2. The States Parties undertake, in accordance with the provisions of

this Convention, to give their help in the identification,

protection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural

heritage referred to in paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article 11 if the

States on whose territory it is situated so request.

3. Each State Party to this Convention undertakes not to take any

deliberate measures which might damage directly or indirectly the

cultural and natural heritage referred to in Articles 1 and 2

situated on the territory of other States Parties to this Convention.

Article 7

For the purpose of this Convention, international protection of the world

cultural and natural heritage shall be understood to mean the establishment

of a system of international co-operation and assistance designed to

support States Parties to the Convention in their efforts to conserve and

identify that heritage.

III. INTERGOVERNMENTAL COMMITTEE FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL

AND NATURAL HERITAGE

Article 8

1. An Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of the Cultural and

Natural Heritage of Outstanding Universal Value, called "the World

Heritage Committee", is hereby established within the United Nations

Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It shall be composed

of 15 States Parties to the Convention, elected by States Parties to

the Convention meeting in general assembly during the ordinary

session of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational,

Scientific and Cultural Organization. The number of States members of

the Committee shall be increased to 21 as from the date of the

ordinary session of the General Conference following the entry into

force of this Convention for at least 40 States.

2. Election of members of the Committee shall ensure an equitable

representation of the different regions and cultures of the world.

3. A representative of the International Centre for the Study of the

Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (Rome Centre), a

representative of the International Council of Monuments and Sites

(ICOMOS) and a representative of the International Union for

Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), to whom may be

added, at the request of States Parties to the Convention meeting in

general assembly during the ordinary sessions of the General

Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural

Organization, representatives of other intergovernmental or non-

governmental organizations, with similar objectives, may attend the

meetings of the Committee in an advisory capacity.

Article 9

1. The term of office of States members of the World Heritage Committee

shall extend from the end of the ordinary session of the General

Conference during which they are elected until the end of its third

subsequent ordinary session.

2. The term of office of one-third of the members designated at the time

of the first election shall, however, cease at the end of the first

ordinary session of the General Conference following that at which

they were elected; and the term of office of a further third of the

members designated at the same time shall cease at the end of the

second ordinary session of the General Conference following that at

which they were elected. The names of these members shall be chosen

by lot by the President of the General Conference of the United

Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization after the

first election.

3. States members of the Committee shall choose as their representatives

persons qualified in the field of the cultural or natural heritage.

Article 10

1. The World Heritage Committee shall adopt its Rules of Procedure.

2. The Committee may at any time invite public or private organizations

or individuals to participate in its meetings for consultation on

particular problems.

3. The Committee may create such consultative bodies as it deems

necessary for the performance of its functions.

Article 11

1. Every State Party to this Convention shall, in so far as possible,

submit to the World Heritage Committee an inventory of property

forming part of the cultural and natural heritage, situated in its

territory and suitable for inclusion in the list provided for in

paragraph 2 of this Article. This inventory, which shall not be

considered exhaustive, shall include documentation about the location

of the property in question and its significance.

2. On the basis of the inventories submitted by States in accordance

with paragraph 1, the Committee shall establish, keep up to date and

publish, under the title of "World Heritage List," a list of

properties forming part of the cultural heritage and natural

heritage, as defined in Articles 1 and 2 of this Convention, which it

considers as having outstanding universal value in terms of such

criteria as it shall have established. An updated list shall be

distributed at least every two years.

3. The inclusion of a property in the World Heritage List requires the

consent of the State concerned. The inclusion of a property situated

in a territory, sovereignty or jurisdiction over which is claimed by

more than one State shall in no way prejudice the rights of the

parties to the dispute.

4. The Committee shall establish, keep up to date and publish, whenever

circumstances shall so require, under the title of "list of World

Heritage in Danger", a list of the property appearing in the World

Heritage List for the conservation of which major operations are

necessary and for which assistance has been requested under this

Convention. This list shall contain an estimate of the cost of such

operations. The list may include only such property forming part of

the cultural and natural heritage as is threatened by serious and

specific dangers, such as the threat of disappearance caused by

accelerated deterioration, large-scale public or private projects or

rapid urban or tourist development projects; destruction caused by

changes in the use or ownership of the land; major alterations due to

unknown causes; abandonment for any reason whatsoever; the outbreak

or the threat of an armed conflict; calamities and cataclysms;

serious fires, earthquakes, landslides; volcanic eruptions; changes

in water level, floods and tidal waves. The Committee may at any

time, in case of urgent need, make a new entry in the List of World

Heritage in Danger and publicize such entry immediately.

5. The Committee shall define the criteria on the basis of which a

property belonging to the cultural or natural heritage may be

included in either of the lists mentioned in paragraphs 2 and 4 of

this article.

6. Before refusing a request for inclusion in one of the two lists

mentioned in paragraphs 2 and 4 of this article, the Committee shall

consult the State Party in whose territory the cultural or natural

property in question is situated.

7. The Committee shall, with the agreement of the States concerned, co-

ordinate and encourage the studies and research needed for the

drawing up of the lists referred to in paragraphs 2 and 4 of this

article.

Article 12

The fact that a property belonging to the cultural or natural heritage has

not been included in either of the two lists mentioned in paragraphs 2 and

4 of Article 11 shall in no way be construed to mean that it does not have

an outstanding universal value for purposes other than those resulting from

inclusion in these lists.

Article 13

1. The World Heritage Committee shall receive and study requests for

international assistance formulated by States Parties to this

Convention with respect to property forming part of the cultural or

natural heritage, situated in their territories, and included or

potentially suitable for inclusion in the lists mentioned referred to

in paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article 11. The purpose of such requests may

be to secure the protection, conservation, presentation or

rehabilitation of such property.

2. Requests for international assistance under paragraph 1 of this

article may also be concerned with identification of cultural or

natural property defined in Articles 1 and 2, when preliminary

investigations have shown that further inquiries would be justified.

3. The Committee shall decide on the action to be taken with regard to

these requests, determine where appropriate, the nature and extent of

its assistance, and authorize the conclusion, on its behalf, of the

necessary arrangements with the government concerned.

4. The Committee shall determine an order of priorities for its

operations. It shall in so doing bear in mind the respective

importance for the world cultural and natural heritage of the

property requiring protection, the need to give international

assistance to the property most representative of a natural

environment or of the genius and the history of the peoples of the

world, the urgency of the work to be done, the resources available to

the States on whose territory the threatened property is situated and

in particular the extent to which they are able to safeguard such

property by their own means.

5. The Committee shall draw up, keep up to date and publicize a list of

property for which international assistance has been granted.

6. The Committee shall decide on the use of the resources of the Fund

established under Article 15 of this Convention. It shall seek ways

of increasing these resources and shall take all useful steps to this

end.

7. The Committee shall co-operate with international and national

governmental and non-governmental organizations having objectives

similar to those of this Convention. For the implementation of its

programmes and projects, the Committee may call on such

organizations, particularly the International Centre for the Study of

the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (the Rome

Centre), the International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS)

and the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural

Resources (IUCN), as well as on public and private bodies and

individuals.

8. Decisions of the Committee shall be taken by a majority of two-thirds

of its members present and voting. A majority of the members of the

Committee shall constitute a quorum.

Article 14

1. The World Heritage Committee shall be assisted by a Secretariat

appointed by the Director-General of the United Nations Educational,

Scientific and Cultural Organization.

2. The Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific

and Cultural Organization, utilizing to the fullest extent possible

the services of the International Centre for the Study of the

Preservation and the Restoration of Cultural Property (the Rome

Centre), the International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS)

and the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural

Resources (IUCN) in their respective areas of competence and

capability, shall prepare the Committee's documentation and the

agenda of its meetings and shall have the responsibility for the

implementation of its decisions.

IV. FUND FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE

Article 15

1. A Fund for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage

of Outstanding Universal Value, called "the World Heritage Fund", is

hereby established.

2. The Fund shall constitute a trust fund, in conformity with the

provisions of the Financial Regulations of the United Nations

Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

3. The resources of the Fund shall consist of:

(a) compulsory and voluntary contributions made by States Parties to

this Convention,

(b) Contributions, gifts or bequests which may be made by:

(i) other States;

(ii) the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural

Organization, other organizations of the United Nations system,

particularly the United Nations Development Programme or other

intergovernmental organizations;

(iii) public or private bodies or individuals;

(d) funds raised by collections and receipts from events organized

for the benefit of the fund; and

(e) all other resources authorized by the Fund's regulations, as

drawn up by the World Heritage Committee.

4. Contributions to the Fund and other forms of assistance made

available to the Committee may be used only for such purposes as the

Committee shall define. The Committee may accept contributions to be

used only for a certain programme or project, provided that the

Committee shall have decided on the implementation of such programme

or project. No political conditions may be attached to contributions

made to the Fund.

Article 16

1. Without prejudice to any supplementary voluntary contribution, the

States Parties to this Convention undertake to pay regularly, every

two years, to the World Heritage Fund, contributions, the amount of

which, in the form of a uniform percentage applicable to all States,

shall be determined by the General Assembly of States Parties to the

Convention, meeting during the sessions of the General Conference of

the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

This decision of the General Assembly requires the majority of the

States Parties present and voting, which have not made the

declaration referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article. In no case

shall the compulsory contribution of States Parties to the Convention

exceed 1% of the contribution to the regular budget of the United

Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

2. However, each State referred to in Article 31 or in Article 32 of

this Convention may declare, at the time of the deposit of its

instrument of ratification, acceptance or accession, that it shall

not be bound by the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article.

3. A State Party to the Convention which has made the declaration

referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article may at any time withdraw

the said declaration by notifying the Director-General of the United

Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. However,

the withdrawal of the declaration shall not take effect in regard to

the compulsory contribution due by the State until the date of the

subsequent General Assembly of States parties to the Convention.

4. In order that the Committee may be able to plan its operations

effectively, the contributions of States Parties to this Convention

which have made the declaration referred to in paragraph 2 of this

Article, shall be paid on a regular basis, at least every two years,

and should not be less than the contributions which they should have

paid if they had been bound by the provisions of paragraph 1 of this

Article.

5. Any State Party to the Convention which is in arrears with the

payment of its compulsory or voluntary contribution for the current

year and the calendar year immediately preceding it shall not be

eligible as a Member of the World Heritage Committee, although this

provision shall not apply to the first election.

The terms of office of any such State which is already a member of

the Committee shall terminate at the time of the elections provided

for in Article 8, paragraph 1 of this Convention.

Article 17

The States Parties to this Convention shall consider or encourage the

establishment of national public and private foundations or associations

whose purpose is to invite donations for the protection of the cultural and

natural heritage as defined in Articles 1 and 2 of this Convention.

Article 18

The States Parties to this Convention shall give their assistance to

international fund-raising campaigns organized for the World Heritage Fund

under the auspices of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and

Cultural Organization. They shall facilitate collections made by the bodies

mentioned in paragraph 3 of Article 15 for this purpose.

V. CONDITIONS AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE

Article 19

Any State Party to this Convention may request international assistance for

property forming part of the cultural or natural heritage of outstanding

universal value situated within its territory. It shall submit with its

request such information and documentation provided for in Article 21 as it

has in its possession and as will enable the Committee to come to a

decision.

Article 20

Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 13, sub-paragraph (c)

of Article 22 and Article 23, international assistance provided for by this

Convention may be granted only to property forming part of the cultural and

natural heritage which the World Heritage Committee has decided, or may

decide, to enter in one of the lists mentioned in paragraphs 2 and 4 of

Article 11.

Article 21

1. The World Heritage Committee shall define the procedure by which

requests to it for international assistance shall be considered and

shall specify the content of the request, which should define the

operation contemplated, the work that is necessary, the expected cost

thereof, the degree of urgency and the reasons why the resources of

the State requesting assistance do not allow it to meet all the

expenses. Such requests must be supported by experts' reports

whenever possible.

2. Requests based upon disasters or natural calamities should, by

reasons of the urgent work which they may involve, be given

immediate, priority consideration by the Committee, which should have

a reserve fund at its disposal against such contingencies.

3. Before coming to a decision, the Committee shall carry out such

studies and consultations as it deems necessary.

Article 22

Assistance granted by the World Heritage Fund may take the following forms:

(a) studies concerning the artistic, scientific and technical problems

raised by the protection, conservation, presentation and

rehabilitation of the cultural and natural heritage, as defined in

paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article 11 of this Convention;

(b) provisions of experts, technicians and skilled labour to ensure that

the approved work is correctly carried out;

identification, protection, conservation, presentation and

rehabilitation of the cultural and natural heritage;

(d) supply of equipment which the State concerned does not possess or is

not in a position to acquire;

(e) low-interest or interest-free loans which might be repayable on a

long-term basis;

(f) the granting, in exceptional cases and for special reasons, of non-

repayable subsidies.

Article 23

The World Heritage Committee may also provide international assistance to

national or regional centres for the training of staff and specialists at

all levels in the field of identification, protection, conservation,

presentation and rehabilitation of the cultural and natural heritage.

Article 24

International assistance on a large scale shall be preceded by detailed

scientific, economic and technical studies. These studies shall draw upon

the most advanced techniques for the protection, conservation, presentation

and rehabilitation of the natural and cultural heritage and shall be

consistent with the objectives of this Convention. The studies shall also

seek means of making rational use of the resources available in the State

concerned.

Article 25

As a general rule, only part of the cost of work necessary shall be borne

by the international community. The contribution of the State benefiting

from international assistance shall constitute a substantial share of the

resources devoted to each programme or project, unless its resources do not

permit this.

Article 26

The World Heritage Committee and the recipient State shall define in the

agreement they conclude the conditions in which a programme or project for

which international assistance under the terms of this Convention is

provided, shall be carried out. It shall be the responsibility of the

State receiving such international assistance to continue to protect,

conserve and present the property so safeguarded, in observance of the

conditions laid down by the agreement.

VI. EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMES

Article 27

1. The States Parties to this Convention shall endeavor by all

appropriate means, and in particular by educational and information

programmes, to strengthen appreciation and respect by their peoples

of the cultural and natural heritage defined in Articles 1 and 2 of

the Convention.

2. They shall undertake to keep the public broadly informed of the

dangers threatening this heritage and of the activities carried on in

pursuance of this Convention.

Article 28

States Parties to this Convention which receive international assistance

under the Convention shall take appropriate measures to make known the

importance of the property for which assistance has been received and the

role played by such assistance.

VII. REPORTS

Article 29

1. The States Parties to this Convention shall, in the reports which

they submit to the General Conference of the United Nations

Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization on dates and in a

manner to be determined by it, give information on the legislative

and administrative provisions which they have adopted and other

action which they have taken for the application of this Convention,

together with details of the experience acquired in this field.

2. These reports shall be brought to the attention of the World Heritage

Committee.

3. The Committee shall submit a report on its activities at each of the

ordinary sessions of the General Conference of the United Nations

Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

VIII. FINAL CLAUSES

Article 30

This Convention is drawn up in Arabic, English, French, Russian and

Spanish, the five texts being equally authoritative.

Article 31

1. This Convention shall be subject to ratification or acceptance by

States members of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and

Cultural Organization in accordance with their respective

constitutional procedures.

2. The instruments of ratification or acceptance shall be deposited with

the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific

and Cultural Organization.

Article 32

1. This Convention shall be open to accession by all States not members

of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural

Organization which are invited by the General Conference of the

Organization to accede to it.

2. Accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of

accession with the Director-General of the United Nations

Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

Article 33

This Convention shall enter into force three months after the date of the

deposit of the twentieth instrument of ratification, acceptance or

accession, but only with respect to those States which have deposited their

respective instruments of ratification, acceptance or accession on or

before that date. It shall enter into force with respect to any other State

three months after the deposit of its instrument of ratification,

acceptance or accession.

Article 34

The following provisions shall apply to those States Parties to this

Convention which have a federal or non-unitary constitutional system:

(a)with regard to the provisions of this Convention, the implementation

of which comes under the legal jurisdiction of the federal or central

legislative power, the obligations of the federal or central

government shall be the same as for those States parties which are

not federal States;

(b)with regard to the provisions of this Convention, the implementation

of which comes under the legal jurisdiction of individual constituent

States, countries, provinces or cantons that are not obliged by the

constitutional system of the federation to take legislative measures,

the federal government shall inform the competent authorities of such

States, countries, provinces or cantons of the said provisions, with

its recommendation for their adoption.

Article 35

1. Each State Party to this Convention may denounce the Convention.

2. The denunciation shall be notified by an instrument in writing,

deposited with the Director-General of the United Nations

Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

3. The denunciation shall take effect twelve months after the receipt of

the instrument of denunciation. It shall not affect the financial

obligations of the denouncing State until the date on which the

withdrawal takes effect.

Article 36

The Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and

Cultural Organization shall inform the States members of the Organization,

the States not members of the Organization which are referred to in Article

32, as well as the United Nations, of the deposit of all the instruments of

ratification, acceptance, or accession provided for in Articles 31 and 32,

and of the denunciations provided for in Article 35.

Article 37

1. This Convention may be revised by the General Conference of the

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Any

such revision shall, however, bind only the States which shall become

Parties to the revising convention.

2. If the General Conference should adopt a new convention revising this

Convention in whole or in part, then, unless the new convention

otherwise provides, this Convention shall cease to be open to

ratification, acceptance or accession, as from the date on which the

new revising convention enters into force.

Article 38

In conformity with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations, this

Convention shall be registered with the Secretariat of the United Nations

at the request of the Director-General of the United Nations Educational,

Scientific and Cultural Organization.

Done in Paris, this twenty-third day of November 1972, in two authentic

copies bearing the signature of the President of the seventeenth session of

the General Conference and of the Director-General of the United Nations

Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, which shall be deposited

in the archives of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural

Organization, and certified true copies of which shall be delivered to all

the States referred to in Articles 31 and 32 as well as to the United

Nations.

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*[Reproduced from UNESCO Document 17/C/106 of November 15, 1972. The

Convention was adopted by the Seventeenth Session of the UNESCO General

Conference (October 17-November 18, 1972) by a vote of 75-1, with 17

abstentions. The Report of the Special Committee of Government Experts on

the Convention is contained in UNESCO Document 17/C/18 of June 15, 1972.

As of November 1992, the Convention had been ratified by 129 nations:

Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua & Barbuda, Argentina,

Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil,

Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde,

Central African Republic, Chile, China, Columbia, Congo, Costa Rica,

Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, Denmark,

Dominican Republic, Ecudaor, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland,

France, Gabon, Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana,

Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland,

Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Korea (South), Laos,

Lebanon, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,

Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco,

Mozambique, New Zealand, Nepal, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria,

Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Phillipines, Poland,

Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russian Federation, Saint Christopher & Nevis,

Saint Lucia, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Solomon

Islands, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tadjikistan,

Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom,

United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire,

Zambia, Zimbabwe.